Btc project
The pipeline consists of approx. This corresponds to a weight of approximately ,t. The terminus of the pipeline is at a new marine terminal at Ceyhan in Turkey, where crude oil transportation tankers is loaded. It has been estimated that the ACG oil fields have reserves in excess of 5. The Sangchal Terminal in Baku has two crude storage tanks, a central control station, metering facilities and a pumping station.
The Ceyhan Marine terminal has seven crude oil storage tanks, a metering station, wastewater treatment, a vapour incineration facility and a jetty capable of loading two ,dwt tankers simultaneously. To clear wax deposition, mechanical pigs are sent along the line periodically.
Security Because it traverses widely varied and sensitive terrains while crossing the politically unstable Caucasus region, the BTC was bedevilled by worries about its security and environmental risks. Contractor screening and pre-qualification was carried out with Kvaerner, an independent engineering company now known as John Brown Hydrocarbons. Pipelay and facilities contracts in Azerbaijan and Georgia were awarded in August Pipeline pumping and metering stations At the first stage of the pipeline crossing Azerbaijan, the line has a diameter of 1,mm.
As it rises from the plains up into the Caucasus mountains and into Georgia this increases to 1,mm, reverts back to 1,mm on the route across Turkish Anatolia and, as it nears Ceyhan, reduces to mm. There are eight pumping stations along the route, which are used to boost the oil pressure. There are also block valve stations which enable the pipeline to be isolated into sections. The pump and block valve stations also provide power for the cathodic protection system which is used to prevent corrosion along the line.
The sections are also coated with a three-layer system of fusion bonded epoxy FBE , adhesive and polythene as protection against potential seismic activity as well. There are four metering stations, one each in Azerbaijan and Georgia and two in Turkey.
The line is buried at least 1m deep, although in some locations this is as much as 10m. The BTC pipeline crosses over 3, roads, railways and utility lines, both over ground and underground. It also traverses 1, watercourses. The widest river crossing is the Cayhan River in Turkey, which is 5. We calculate the total cryptocurrency market capitalization as the sum of all cryptocurrencies listed on the site. Does CoinMarketCap.
No, we do not list all cryptocurrencies at CoinMarketCap. As a company and team, we are very aware that not all coins and projects have good intentions. While we cannot guarantee to exclude them all, we have a vetting process that each coin goes through before it is listed on the site. If we suspect that a coin or project is a scam, it does not get listed. At the time of writing, we estimate that there are around 8, coins, tokens and projects in the global coin market.
As mentioned above, we have a due diligence process that we apply to new coins before they are listed. This process controls how many of the cryptocurrencies from the global market are represented on our site. What Is an Altcoin? The very first cryptocurrency was Bitcoin. Since it is open source, it is possible for other people to use the majority of the code, make a few changes and then launch their own separate currency.
Many people have done exactly this. Some of these coins are very similar to Bitcoin, with just one or two amended features such as Litecoin , while others are very different, with varying models of security, issuance and governance. However, they all share the same moniker — every coin issued after Bitcoin is considered to be an altcoin. What Is an ICO? ICO stands for initial coin offering. Many of the smaller projects in the crypto space — and a few of the largest ones — raised money from private investors around the world in the crypto equivalent of a crowdfunding campaign.
Investors would send funds — usually in the form of Bitcoin — to the project and receive coin or tokens in return. In , the United States Securities and Exchange Commission SEC clarified their rules relating to fundraising for assets, which made it much harder for new cryptocurrency projects to issue their own tokens in this way. What Is a Stablecoin? Price volatility has long been one of the features of the cryptocurrency market.
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